Gastric biopsy
Histopathological examination of gastric mucosa fragments taken by endoscopy, to characterise an inflammatory, precancerous or tumoral lesion.
Cervico-uterine smear (Pap test)
Cytological analysis of cervical cells, liquid-based (LBC) or conventional, for screening precancerous and cancerous lesions.
HER2 expression study
Immunohistochemical staining assessing HER2 protein overexpression on a tumour, supporting treatment decisions (targeted therapies).
Prostate biopsy
Histopathological examination of prostate biopsy cores, with grading (Gleason / ISUP score) when a tumour is present.
Thyroid fine-needle aspiration (FNAC)
Cytological analysis of the fine-needle aspiration of a thyroid nodule, classified using the Bethesda system.
Hormone receptor study
Immunohistochemical staining of oestrogen and progesterone receptors on a tumour, guiding hormone therapy.
Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) cytology
Cytological examination of cerebrospinal fluid to detect abnormal cells, notably meningeal involvement.